A comparison of dose and energy-based mapping methods for 4D Monte Carlo dose calculation in deforming anatomy

A voxel warping method for 4D dose accumulation was implemented in the VMC++ Monte Carlo code. Dose calculations using this method were compared with an energy remapping method in simple deforming phantoms with exact transformations to show that the methods are equivalent. We also demonstrate that in patient geometries, the voxel warping and energy remapping method can be used to evaluate the influence of registration errors on the remapped dose.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye