Ethnographic Researches in Dalmatia Till the Beginning of the 20th Century

Proučavanja tradicijske kulture iskazuju različite motive, ciljeve i metode. Analizom do prvih desetljeća u 20. stoljeću, nastojimo pokazati odnos proučavača prema nosiocima kulture koja je u centru interesa. U radu se prezentiraju metode i ciljevi ranih opisivanja etnografske građe, od likovnih dokumentacija, do opisa pojedinih izražaja - života, običaja, vjerovanja, te predmeta materijalne kulture naroda odnosno puka sa sela. Sve do tridesetih godina 20. stoljeća, tu dokumentaciju su ostavili uglavnom laici, koji, iz pretežno rodoljubnih pobuda, obraćaju pažnju na kulturnu sferu tadašnje niže društvene klase. Analiziran je način rada, posebno s naglaskom na kontrolne terenske obilaske urednika Akademijina Zbornika za narodni život i običaje Južnih Slavena, dr. Antuna Radića i dr. Dragutina Boranića. Također su ocrtani kazivači i kulturna pozadina pomoćnika tih ispitivača, koji u rodnom kraju nalaze dobre poznavaoce vlastite kulture. Uz noviju građu iz istoga ili susjednoga kraja, uz uočavanje svih elemenata u ranim etnografskim radovima, stari etnografski zapisi i likovni prikazi predstavljaju veoma vrijednu osnovu za znanstveni rad.Studies of folk culture show different motives, aims and methods. Analyzing the studies made by the first decades of the 20th century, we try to present researchers\u27 relationships toward the bearers of culture, which is the central theme. The article presents methods and aims of the early descriptions of ethnographic material, from pictorial documentation to the descriptions of way of life, customs and beliefs, as well as objects of material culture of the people, i. e. country folk. Until the 1930s that kind of documentation was supplied by the laymen, who mostly out of the patriotic impulses observed the cultural sphere of the then lower class. Their ways of work have been analyzed, with the emphasis on the control fieldwork of Antun Radić and Dragutin Boranić, editors of the Academy\u27s periodical Zbornik za narodni život i običaje Južnih Slavena (Folk Life and Customs of the South Slavs). Narrators and the cultural background of researches\u27 assistants have been depicted. The latter in their native places helped the researchers find individuals that had expert knowledge in their own culture. Together with new materials from the same or neighboring places, and by observing all the elements from early ethnographic works, old ethnographic records and artistic representations present a valuable basis for scientific work