Interventions to reduce anxiety, distress, and the need for sedation in pediatric patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: Children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans can experience anxiety, claustrophobia, and fear during the scanning experience and often require sedation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to determine what strategies are effective in reducing fear, anxiety, and claustrophobia and reduce the need for sedation in children undergoing MRI. METHODS: A quantitative systematic review, according to the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute, was carried out. A systematic search of a number of databases was performed. Studies were then screened and critically appraised by two independent reviewers before being included in the review. RESULTS: In total, eight studies met the inclusion criteria for the review, which assessed the following interventions: mock MRI, audiovisual (AV) systems, open MRI, photo diary, and cognitive strategies. Open MRI, mock MRI, AV systems, cognitive behavioral therapies, guided imagery, and pediatric preparation booklets were all found to have some positive effect on at least one outcome. CONCLUSION: Health care professionals working with children undergoing MRI may consider some of the strategies included in this review to implement in their practice to reduce anxiety and increase patient comfort, while reducing the need for sedation.Zachary Munn and Zoe Jorda