Shock wave induced vortex loops emanating from nozzles with singular corners

The focus of the current study is to examine experimentally the diffracted shock wave pattern and the consequent vortex loop formation, propagation, and decay from nozzles having singular corners. Non-intrusive qualitative and quantitative techniques: schlieren, shadowgraphy, and particle image velocimetry (PIV) are employed to analyze the induced flow-fields. Eye-shaped nozzles were used with the corner joints representing singularities. The length of the minor axes are a = 6 and 15 mm, with the major axis b = 30 mm for both cases. The experiments are performed for flow Reynolds numbers in the range 0.8 × 105 and 4.6 × 105. Air is used in both driver and driven sections of the shock tube