Since the initial conversion of the ARPAnet from the NCPfamily of protocols to the initial TCP/IP-family of protocols in the early 1980s, and especially since the advent of tools (such as browsers) for easily accessing content in the early 1990s, the Internet has experienced (and continues to experience) meteoric growth along any dimension that one cares to measure. This growth has led to the creation of new business segments (e.g. Network Element Manufactures and Internet Service Providers), as well as to partitioning of the operators providing IP services (access/metro/core). Many of the core IP operators also provide long-distance telephony services. Since the majority of their sunk costs are concerned with laying and maintaining optica...