A multi-method examination of the processes and outcomes of IZOF interventions in competitive sport: implications for program design, delivery, and evaluation

Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) model has garnered empirical support to explain states of human functioning and its subsequent impact on sport performance. Research suggests athletes’ who are able to regulate performance states, that allow for utilization of resources to complete the task in hand, are more likely to experience superior performance. Yet minimal research has examined how the IZOF model may inform intervention programs to ensure athletes’ skills in regulation are enhanced. The present thesis aimed to explore the usefulness of the IZOF model as a guiding framework in real-world applied settings for enhancing athlete regulation of performance states during competition. In study one a practitioner-focused action research study examined the “how” of working within an IZOF framework. In study two, a multiple case study examined the influence of an IZOF program on athletes’ pre- and post-intervention thoughts, feelings, regulatory actions, and subsequent performance. A qualitative examination of this program from the athletes’ perspective highlighted key program processes and outcomes (study three). An identified outcome of well-being was subsequently examined in relation to athlete use of regulation techniques and skills in study four. This thesis highlights several implications for practitioners when adopting the IZOF model in applied practice