Restructuring Junior College Programs based on the Employment Outlook for the 21st Century

1990년대 이후 양적 성장을 거듭해 온 전문대학은 90년대 후반에 들어서면서 신기술의 발달과 이에 따른 노동시장의 변화를 교육과정에 반영하여야 하는 과제와 대학 정원의 자율화, 실고 졸업생의 감소로 인한 전문대학 교육 대상의 감소라는 두 가지 문제를 동시에 해결해야 하는 과제를 안게 되었다. 본 연구는 전문대학이 이러한 경제·사회적 그리고 교육적 환경변화에 대응하여 향후 어떠한 학과 들을 개설해 나가는 것이 가능하고 필요한가를 제시하는 데 그 목적을 두었다. 그리고 이와 같은 환경변화에 대처하여 학과들을 개설해 나가는데 있어서 함께 해결해야 할 문제들과 고려해야 할 사항들을 전공개편 방안으로 제시하였다.The need for a closer link between what they learn in school and what they practice at work is ever increasing in the 21st century. Junior colleges in Korea, as the major vocational educational institution at the higher education level, have increased their importance both in terms of quantity and quality since the beginning of 1990s. Now, with the changes in the industrial and occupational structure and the changes in the educational settings, junior colleges are in great need for restructuring their programs according to the job markets more than ever. This study is an attempt to reflect the changes in the labor market on the programs in junior colleges. It aims to analyse the employment outlook for the 21st century, both domestic and foreign, and utilize the result on how to establish new programs and restructure existing programs. First, we analysed the employment outlook to the year 2010, both domestic and foreign, to look for the most promising fields in occupation and in industry. In particular, it looked at which occupational fields are promising for junior college graduates(or those with associate degree) and showed the result. Second, we analysed major characteristics of education at junior colleges,in comparison with those at the university level. It also analysed the rate of employment of junior college graduates and problems associated with their employment. In addition, it presented how the demand is changing for junior colleges and the variables influencing the changes in the demand . Third, we conducted a survey on what programs each junior college plans to establish considering the changes in the regional and national labor markets and considering the demand of the prospective students. 108 out of the total number of 158 junior colleges responded to the survey. The answers given from the survey constitute major data for the final result of this study. Fourth, we analyzed the trends at the junior colleges in three major foreign countries, Japan, the United States, and Australia, in terms of establishments of new programs and popular programs. We attempted to look at the differences and similarities between the domestic programs and foreign programs. Finally, building on the results from the analysis of the employment outlook, the educational settings for junior colleges, the survey outcomes, and from the analysis of junior colleges in foreign countries, we made suggestions on how junior colleges should restructure programs in the future. In particular, we suggested which programs it is possible for junior colleges to news establish . The result of the study can be utilized as a guide for practitioners at junior colleges to look up when they plan to establish new programs and also as a reference on what programs domestic and foreign junior colleges want to adopt.연구요약 I. 서 론 1 1. 연구의 필요성과 목적 1 2. 연구의 내용 및 방법 3 3. 연구의 제한점 및 한계 7 II. 21세기 유망직업 전망과 전문대학 학위자를 위한 유망 직종 9 1. 21세기 직업전망에 따른 유망직종 9 2. 전문대학 학위자를 위한 유망직종 32 Ⅲ. 전문대학의 교육적 특성 및 교육 수요 고찰 49 1. 전문대학의 교육적 특성 49 2. 전문대학의 취업 실태 및 문제점 66 3. 향후 전문대학의 교육 수요 전망 75 IV. 전문대학 유망학과에 대한 요구조사 85 1. 조사의 개요 85 2. 설문조사 결과 89 3. 요약 및 주요 시사점 110 Ⅴ. 외국 전문대학 신설학과 사례 분석 113 1. 서 론 113 2. 외국 전문대학 교육과정 변화의 사회경제적 배경 115 3. 외국 전문대학의 신설학과 사례 분석 119 4. 한국 전문대학에의 시사점 138 VI. 21세기 직업전망에 따른 전공 개편방안 143 1. 21세기 유망직업 전망의 시사점 143 2. 국내·외 학과 개편 동향 145 3. 전공 개편방안 및 신설학과 제안 156 참 고 문 헌 167 ABSTRACT 173 부 표 175 부 록 18