About the rights with which we are born: The radical natural law and the social justice from K. Marx up to neoliberalism

The natural law is a overempiric law that does not owe his dignity to the legal norm than to the intrinsic qualities of a human being. This paper presents a di-fferent hierarchical position of the natural law in the critics of capitalism from K.Marx to our days and its different intonation as a superpositive framework of justice. One should analitically differentiate between (1) theoretical search for social justice in the philosophy of the natural law (K.Marx, M.Weber, G.Radbru-ch, L.strauss, E.Bloch, Lj.Tadić) and (2) empirical identification of power relations that allowed or hindered social justice in the reality. The paper provides analysis of historically different relationships between positive and radical natural law in both the compressed 20th century epochal concience and today’s neoliberal one. in addition, it compares role of the natural law in capitalism and socialism and differentiates between social justice from above and social justice from be-low. The first one is gratuitous, paternalistic and limited, the second one is radi-cal and has to be conquered. Radical natural law should express itself as a fully developed social justice liberated from capitalism. Critic of social unjustice from the viewpoint of natural law has no practical effects in our days, and in spite of it, it is not anachronistic.Prirodno pravo je nadempirijski pravo koje dignitet ne duguje zakonu nego urođenim osobinama čoveka. Reč je o delu onih normativnih struktura koje krče put razvoju društva i iz kojih društva uče. U radu je pokazan različit hijerarhijski položaj prirodnog prava u kritici kapitalizma od K.Marksa do danas i njegovo različito akcentovanje kao nadpozitivnog okvira pravde. Analitički je razdvojeno (1) misaono traženje socijalne pravde u filozofiji prirodnog prava (K.Marks, M.Veber, G.Radbruh, L.Štraus, E.Bloh, Lj.Tadić) od (2) prepoznavanja odnosa moći koji su omogućavali ili sprečavali socijalnu pravdu u praksi. Analiziran je istorijski različit odnos pozitivnog i radikalnog prirodnog prava u epohalnoj svesti socijalno zgusnutog 20. veka i današnjoj neoliberalnoj, poređena je uloga prirodnog prava u kapitalizmu i socijalizmu i razmotrena razlika između socijalne pravde odozgo i socijalne pravde odozdo. Prva je darovana, paternalistička i dozirana, druga se osvaja i radikalna je. Razvijena socijalna pravda izvan okvira kapitalizma viđena je kao radikalno prirodno pravo. Zaključak je da je danas prirodnopravna kritika socijalne nepravde bezuticajna, ali ne i anahron