Protein conformation by EPR spectroscopy using gadolinium tags clicked to genetically encoded p-azido-L-phenylalanine

Quantitative cysteine-independent ligation of a Gd(3+) tag to genetically encoded p-azido-L-phenylalanine via Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry is shown to deliver an exceptionally powerful tool for Gd(3+)-Gd(3+) distance measurements by double electron-electron resonance (DEER) experiments, as the position of the Gd(3+) ion relative to the protein can be predicted with high accuracy.This work was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC), an Australia-Weizmann Making Connections grant, and the Israel Science Foundation (ISF)