Embedded processors in critical domains require a combination of reliability, performance and low energy consumption. Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) processors provide performance improvements through Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) exploitation, while keeping cost and power in low levels. Since the ILP is highly application dependent, the processors do not use all their resources constantly and, thus, these resources can be utilized for redundant instruction execution. This dissertation presents a fault injection methodology for VLIW processors and three hardware mechanisms to deal with soft, permanent and long-term faults leading to four contributions. The first contribution presents an Architectural Vulnerability Factor (AVF) and ...