This manuscript prepared for the French university degree in geography needed to access the rank of full professor, deals with the relationships between social groups and the maritime space. It builds on the example of fishing activities in the context of marine spatial planning (MSP). The core question could be packaged in a single sentence: what does the specific case of fisheries tell us about the meaning given to "space" and "environment" in maritime planning and management? This question is here screened by geographic information technologies or "geo-technologies". To tackle this, the manuscript is structured in three stages. The first is to analyze MSP initiatives around the world in order to understand to what it corresponds in reali...