This research work focuses on the rural gentrification process, especially in Ardèche, a popular disctrict affected by economic and social changes. The goal is to define an observation scale to better understand the complexity of those changes and face them to the gentrification process theories. In order to do that, this research recap the current studies of rural and urban areas in France and abroad, then defines a territory by using a statistic treatment, and goes deeper by analyzing case studies of three villages. While raising questions about the strengths and weaknesses of the chosen scale, the research demonstrates that some clue support the initial assemption and reveals a gentrification process. This work is an first approach, and ...