Alleeolopathic effects of pigweed (amaranthus retrofleksus l.) and red amaranth (a. cruentus l.) cv.\u27g6\u27 extracts on maize germination and early growth

Alelopatija je pojav, kjer rastline in mikroorganizmi proizvedejo alelokemikalije, ki lahko zaviralno ali stimulativno vplivajo na kalitev in zgodnji razvoj rastlin. V sodobnem kmetijstvu je pomembno poznati pozitivne in negativne vplive alelopatije, da jih znamo izkoristiti v različnih načinih pridelave, tudi v združenih setvah. Namen diplomskega dela je proučiti alelopatski vpliv ekstraktov iz suhih delov plevelnega, srhkodlakavega (Amaranthus retrofleksus L.) in zrnatega, mehiškega ščira (A. cruentus L. \u27G6\u27) na potek kalitve (kalivost semen, hitrost kalitve, hitrost skupne kalitve) in zgodnji razvoj koruze (dolžina korenine in masa korenine ter nadzemnega dela). V raziskavi je bil proučen vpliv ekstraktov iz različnih delov rastlin (korenine, stebla, listov in socvetja), apliciranih v različnih koncentracijah (100 %, 75 %, 50 %, 25 %). Za kontrolo je bila uporabljena destilirana voda. Ekstrakt iz listov plevelnega ščira v 100-% koncentraciji popolnoma inhibira kalitev koruze, sicer pa je statistično močnejši zaviralni vpliv na kalitev in potek kalitve opazen pri ekstraktih iz zrnatega ščira, zlasti pri ekstraktih iz stebel in listov, apliciranih v višjih koncentracijah (100 % in 75 %). Pozitiven vpliv na maso korenin in nadzemnega dela koruze imajo ekstrakti iz korenin plevelnega ščira (75- in 25 % koncentracija) in ekstrakti iz korenin zrnatega ščira aplicirani v 50- ter 25-% koncentraciji. Na beležene mase imajo značilen negativni učinek ekstrakti višjih koncentracij iz stebel, listov in socvetij zrnatega ščira.Allelopathy is a phenomenon where plants and microorganisms produce allelochemicals that can inhibit or stimulate the germination and early development of plants. In modern agriculture, it is important to know the positive and negative effects of allelopathy, so that we can use them in various ways of cultivation, even in intercropping. The purpose of the diploma thesis is to study the allelopathic effect of the extracts from the dry parts of weedy, pigweed amaranth (Amaranthus retrofleksus L.) and the grain, red amaranth (A. cruentus L. \u27G6\u27) on germination process (percentage of germinated seeds, speed of germination, speed of accumulated germination) and early development of maize (length of the root and mass of the root and the aerial parts of the plant). The study examined the influence of extracts from various parts of plants (roots, stems, leaves and inflorescence), applied in different concentrations (100%, 75%, 50%, 25%). For control, distilled water was used. The extract from the leaves of the weedy amaranth in 100% concentration completely inhibits the germination of maizeotherwise, the statistically stronger inhibitory effect on germination and the germination process is noticeable in extracts of grain amaranth, especially in the case of extracts from stems and leaves applied at higher concentrations (100%, 75%). Extracts from the roots of the weedy amaranth (75% and 25% concentration) and extracts from the roots of grain amaranth, applied in 50% and 25% concentration, have a positive effect on root mass and aerial part of the maize. Extracts of higher concentrations from the stems, leaves and inflorescence of the grain amaranth have a significant negative effect on the recorded masses