Problems and needs of people with intellectual disability in basic life activities

Izhodišča, namen: Osebe z duševno manjrazvitostjo predstavljajo samo 1 % populacije. Posledično se jim posveča manj pozornosti kot ostalim osebam z duševnimi motnjami oziroma motnjami duševnega razvoja. Osebe z duševno manjrazvitostjo se, glede na stopnjo prizadetosti, soočajo s številnimi težavami v vsakdanjem življenju. Te obsegajo vse osnovne življenjske aktivnosti. Prav tako so bolj dovzetne za nastanek številnih telesnih in duševnih motenj. Namen diplomskega dela je bil predstaviti problem duševne manjrazvitosti in težave, s katerimi se soočajo osebe z duševno manjrazvitostjo pri osnovnih življenjskih aktivnostih, opisati vlogo zdravstvene nege in medicinske sestre ter opozoriti na preprečevanje nastanka duševne manjrazvitosti. Raziskovalne metode: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili opisno metodo v namen preučitve duševne manjrazvitosti, stališč in izvedenih raziskav. Iskali smo tujo in domačo literaturo v mednarodnih podatkovnih bazah s pomočjo vključitvenih in izključitvenih kriterijev. Uporabili smo model PRISMA. Rezultati: Po pregledu in analizi literature ugotavljamo, da se pojavlja duševna manjrazvitost pri 1 % celotne populacije v Sloveniji. Preventivne in promocijske aktivnosti za osebe z duševno manjrazvitostjo predvsem izvajajo medicinske sestre. Osebe z duševno manjrazvitostjo se soočajo z vsakdanjimi težavami. Predvsem velik problem predstavljajo duševne motnje. Diskusija in zaključek: Pomembno je spregovoriti o duševni manjrazvitosti. Osebe z duševno manjrazvitostjo imajo različne potrebe in težave, ki jih pogosto ovirajo pri opravljanju vsakdanjih aktivnosti. V veliko pomoč je lahko medicinska sestra, ki s svojim znanjem in izkušnjami pomaga osebi z duševno manjrazvitostjo ter tako prispeva h kakovostnejšemu življenju. Pomembna je tudi vloga preventive in promocije zdravja med osebami z duševno manjrazvitostjo.Theoretical background: Persons with mental disability represent 1% of the population. Consequently, less attention is paid to them than to other people with mental disorders. They are faced with many problems in basic life activities in everyday lives, depending on the degree of disability. They are also more susceptible to the emergence of many physical and mental disorders. The purpose of the thesis was to present the problem of mental disability and the difficulties faced by people with mental disabilities in basic life activities, describing the role of health care and nurse, and pointing out the prevention of mental disabilities. Methodology: We used a descriptive method for the purpose of studying mental disorders, attitudes and performed research. We searched for foreign and domestic literature in databases with inclusion and exclusion criteria. We used the PRISMA model. Results: After reviewing and analysing literature, we find out that the incidence of mental disability is 1% of the whole population in Slovenia. Preventive and promotional activities for people with mental disability are mainly performed by nurses. People with mental disabilities face everyday problems. The main problem are mental disorders. Discussion and conclusion: Although mental disability is not widely spread, it is important to talk about it. People with mental disability have different needs and problems that are often hindered in their everyday activities. A nurse can help them with her knowledge and experience and thus contribute to a better quality of life. Particularly important is the role of prevention and promotion of health