The role of working characteristics and cognitive errors in burnout, depression and anxiety among employees

Izgorelost je bila nekoč smatrana kot bolezen menedžerjev, toda v današnjem času, ko smo priča vse večjim spremembam tudi na delovnem mestu, lahko prizadane kogarkoli. V pričujoči raziskavi nas je zanimala vloga delovnih značilnosti v odnosu med kognitivnimi napakami in izgorelostjo, prav tako pa smo preverili, ali se tovrstne povezave pojavljajo tudi pri anksioznosti in depresivnosti. Tako smo raziskali, ali kognicija oz. negativna prepričanja napovedujejo anksioznost, depresijo in izgorelost in kako na omenjene konstrukte vplivajo delovne zahteve in viri. Uporabili smo vprašalnike delovnih zahtev in resursov, Vprašalnik izgorelosti (OLBI), Vprašalnik stresa, anksioznosti in depresije (DASS-21) ter Vprašalnik kognitivne triade (CTI). V raziskavi je sodelovalo 177 oseb, od tega 143 (75,7 %) žensk in 43 (24,3 %) moških v starosti med 26 in 62 let (Mstarost=39 let), ki so zaposlene in delajo vsaj 20 ur tedensko. Rezultati so pokazali, da kognitivna triada statistično pomembno napoveduje depresijo, anksioznost in obe poddimenziji izgorelosti, pri čemer se je kot statistično pomemben napovednik izkazala le poddimenzija pogled na sebe. Rezultati odnosa med delovnimi zahtevami in depresijo, anksioznostjo ter izgorelostjo so pokazali, da splošne delovne zahteve statistično pomembno napovedujejo vse tri konstrukte. Delovni resurs raznolikost delovnih nalog statistično pomembno napoveduje izgorelost, medtem ko delovni resurs avtonomija depresijo in poddimenzijo izgorelosti – odtujenost od dela. Kot statistično pomemben napovednik depresije, anksioznosti in izgorelosti (a le poddimenzije odtujenost od dela) se je izkazala tudi socioemocionalna opora nadrejenih, pri čemer se to ni pokazalo pri opori s strani sodelavcev. Test interakcije ni pokazal, da bi se delovne zahteve močneje povezovale z izgorelostjo v situaciji, ko bi bila kognitivna triada močneje izražena.Burnout was once considered a managerial disease but, as of a few decades ago, we have been witnessing increasing changes in workplace and it can now affect anyone. In the present study we were examining the role of working characteristics in the relationship between cognitive triad and burnout and we also analysed whether these types of connections appear in case of anxiety and depression. More specifically, the objective of this thesis is to assess relationships between negative perceptions (e.g. cognitive triad) and anxiety, depression and burnout, and furthermore − to analyse how the above mentioned constructs are influenced by work demands and resources. Methods used were Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), Work Demands−Resources Questionnarie and Cognitive Triad Inventory. The analysis is based on a sample of 177 employees, working at least 20 hours per week, 143 of whom were women (75,7%) and 43 men (24,3%), in the range between 26−62 years (Mage=39 years). The results indicated that cognitive triad statistically significantly predicts depression, anxiety and both subscales of burnout but only the subscale − View of self − appeared to be a statistically significant predictor of all three constructs. In addition, results of the relationship between work demands and depression, anxiety and burnout showed that work demands statistically significantly predicted all three constructs. Work resources such as task diversity predicted burnout, autonomy predicted depression and also burnout but only subscale work detachment. The support of colleagues did not prove to be statistically significant predictor of any of the mentioned constructs. Additionally, in prediction of depression, anxiety and burnout (only subscale work detachment), the socio-emotional support of superiors also appeared to be important. The interaction test did not show that work requirements would be more strongly associated with burnout in a situation where the cognitive triad would be more pronounced