Risk factors for aggressive and violent behaviour in a specific social welfare institution

Izhodišče, namen: V posebnih socialnovarstvenih zavodih je opaziti, da se povečuje število agresivnega in nasilnega vedenja. Na pojav agresivnega in nasilnega vedenja imajo vpliv različni dejavniki. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, v kolikšni meri se pojavlja agresivno vedenje v posebnem socialnovarstvenem zavodu in kakšen je vpliv dejavnikov tveganja, kot so: spol, starost, psihopatologija stanovalcev ter odprtost in prezasedenost oddelkov ter čas bivanja v zavodu. Raziskovalne metode: Raziskava temelji na kvantitativni metodologiji dela. Opravljena sta bila sistematičen pregled in analiza zbranih podatkov z listi incidentov in razporedov dela. Vključeni so bili podatki o dogodkih, pri katerih je prišlo do agresivnega vedenja do sostanovalcev, sebe ali predmetov v okolju. Podatke smo statistično obdelali z računalniškima programoma SPSS 22 in Excel 2007. Rezultati: Rezultati raziskave so pokazali, da se agresivno in nasilno vedenje pojavlja pri 13 % vseh stanovalcev, ki bivajo v posebnem socialnovarstvenem zavodu. Največ agresivnega in nasilnega vedenja se zgodi na varovanih oddelkih, kar je že v osnovi povezano z namestitvijo stanovalcev s takšnim vedenjem na varovane oddelke in s prekomerno zasedenostjo. Pri moških opazimo več heteroagresivnega vedenja, medtem ko se pri ženskah pojavlja več agresivnega vedenja do samega sebe. Sklep: Ena prvenstvenih nalog menedžmenta v socialnovarstvenih zavodih je zagotavljanje varnosti stanovalcem in zaposlenim. Zaposleni morajo prepoznavati dejavnike tveganja in pravočasno ukrepati, da preprečijo agresivno in nasilno vedenje pri stanovalcih. Za to je potrebno nenehno izobraževanje zaposlenih v veščinah komunikacije, deeskalacije in drugih razbremenilnih tehnik.Starting point, purpose: In special social care institutions, it is noticeable that the number of aggressive and violent behaviour is increasing. The phenomenon of aggressive and violent behaviour is influenced by various factors. The purpose of the research was to determine the extent to which aggressive behaviour occurs in special social welfare institution and what is the impact of risk factors such as gender, age, psychopathology of residents, openness, and overcrowding of departments and time of residence in the institution. Methods: The research is based on the quantitative work methodology. A systematic overview and analysis of collected data from incidents lists and work schedules have been done. Only those data were included in which aggressive behaviour has accrued between the residents, to themselves or to objects in the environment. The data were statistically processed using computer SPSS and Excel programs. Results: The results of the research have shown that aggressive and violent behaviour occurs in 13 % of all residents living in a special social welfare institution. Most aggressive and violent behaviour happens in secured departments which are linked to the fact that residents with aggressive behaviour are placed in secured departments. Men are more often violent towards others and women in contrary are more often auto-aggressive. Conclusion: One of the main tasks of management in social care institutions is ensuring safety for residents and also for employees. Employees must recognise risk factors and take actions to prevent aggressive and violent behaviour among residents. For this purpose, we have to teach employees communication and other skills and techniques