Terrorism and the (global) war against terrorism as two inseparable parts?

Osnovni namen magistrskega dela je pojasniti, kaj je terorizem in kje iskati glavne vzroke zanj, in nato podrobneje preučiti, ali in kako je terorizem mogoče videti kot odziv na zahodni intervencionizem, vključujoč z vojno proti terorizmu. Za namen proučevanja izbrane problematike sta bili uporabljeni deskriptivna (opisna) in komparativna metoda, s pomočjo katerih so bili opisani različni pojavi v zvezi z obravnavano tematiko. Ugotovili smo, da današnjega terorizma ni mogoče videti izven zahodnega intervencionizma. Kot ugotovljeno, se pripisuje to vlogo geopolitičnim in ekonomskim krivicam, ki so jih deležni prebivalci povsod po svetu. Zahodne države naj bi s svojim ekonomskim, vojaškim in političnim delovanjem med drugim tudi v okviru globalne vojne, t. i. vojne proti terorizmu, povzročile in še povzročajo krepitev radikalnih tendenc po vsem svetu. V okviru vojne proti terorizmu so zahodne države pustile za seboj humanitarne katastrofe in razpadle države. Številne radikalne skupine so na območjih, kjer so posredovale zahodne sile, doživele preporod, saj so z lahkoto novačile nove člane, s čimer so se vzpostavile nove mednarodne džihadistične skupine (npr. Islamska država). Prav tako so zahodne vlade to vojno uporabile za upravičevanje in izvajanje protiteroristične zakonodaje. Z »vojno proti terorizmu« je povezano tudi omejevanje človekovih pravic. Različne države pod krinko vojne proti terorizmu same izvajajo teroristična dejanja in pri tem kršijo človekove pravice z izgovorom, da svoje ljudstvo branijo pred terorizmom. Globalni boj proti terorizmu ima tako ključno vlogo pri spodbujanju terorizma, vendar terorizma ni mogoče videti le kot posledice globalne vojne proti terorizmu. Pri pojasnjevanju današnjega islamskega terorizma ne smemo spregledati vloge religije oziroma vere v islamske doktrine. Glede na naše ugotovitve igra religija pri vzročno-posledičnih zvezah današnjega terorizma večjo vlogo kot krivice. Na to kažejo naslednji dejavniki: 1. ugotovitev, da ima religija velik vpliv na življenja ljudi2. trditve avtorjev, ki v okviru vzročno-posledičnih zvez pripisujejo religiji večjo vlogo v primerjavi s krivicami3. pojav skupin, kot so Al Kaida, Islamska država ipd. Dejanja Islamske države, talibanov ali katere koli druge džihadistične skupine niso naključna, temveč gre za načrtovane operacije, ki so del dolgega boja muslimanov, saj želijo vzpostaviti skupno ozemlje ali kalifat, kjer bi bili združeni vsi »pravi« muslimani. Muslimanski teroristi ubijajo ljudi in izvajajo teror, saj po njihovem mnenju obstaja le ena resnica, in sicer njihova resnica, ki jo želijo vsiliti vsem, ki ne mislijo enako kot oni.The main purpose of this master’s thesis was to examine in detail whether and how terrorism can be seen as a response to western interventionism, including war on terror, while also explaining what terrorism is and where we to seek the main reasons for it. The descriptive and the comparative method were used in order to describe the various phenomena concerning the studied subject matter. It has been established that today’s terrorism cannot be examined outside the context of western interventionism, as, on the one hand, a role is being attributed to geopolitical and economic injustices caused to people all over the world. With their economic, military, and political action, including in the context of the global war on terror, western states have supposedly caused and continue to cause the strengthening of radical tendencies across the globe. In the context of the war on terror, western states have left behind humanitarian disasters and dissolved countries. Numerous groups have resurfaced in territories which faced action by western forces, as this has allowed them to easily recruit new members and set up new international Jihadist groups (e.g. the Islamic State). Western governments also used this war to justify and implement their anti-terrorism legislation. The war on terror is also associated with restriction of human rights. There are various states which, under the guise of war on terror, themselves implement terrorist actions violating human rights under the excuse of protecting their people against terrorism. The global war on terror plays a significant part in facilitating terrorism. However, terrorism cannot be seen only as a consequence of the global war on terror. When explaining today’s Islamic terrorism, we cannot overlook the role of religion (or belief in Islamic doctrine). It has been established that when it comes to the cause-and-effect links of today’s terrorism, religion plays a more important role than injustices. The following factors point to this fact: the finding that religion has a major effect on people’s livesclaims made by authors who attribute a greater role to religion compared to injustices when it comes to the cause-and-effect linksthe emergence of groups such as Al-Qaeda, Islamic State, etc. The actions of the Islamic State or the Taliban or any other Jihadist group are not coincidental but planned operations which are a part of the long-standing fight by the Muslims wishing to establish a joint territory or caliphate uniting all true Muslims. Muslim terrorists kill people and wreak terror as they believe in only one truth, i.e. their truth which they want to impose on all others who do not share their beliefs