Classification of non-poured ceramics from Kazan Kremlin

The article is devoted to the study of the most massive material during archaeological excavations - non-pouring ceramics obtained after the excavations in the Kazan Kremlin in 1994-1996. The paper gives a brief analysis of the main historical and cultural groups of non-poured ceramics, which were identified by T.A. Khlebnikova. The main approaches on the study the non-pouring ceramics of this monument are presented. The researcher singled out 6 historical and cultural groups of the Kazan Kremlin pottery. With the typology and the classification of ceramic material, it considered the technique of production, the composition of mixture, color, the quality of firing and surface treatment. All the selected groups of ceramics are characteristic of individual layers for the cultural strata of the Kazan Kremlin. T.A. Khlebnikova conducted the systematic and statistical analysis of the entire material. In the archaeological research of the Kazan Kremlin, non-poured ceramics were not subjected to more detailed study and analysis. The attempts to classify non-pourable ceramics were made in the works by N.F. Kalinin, as well as in the generalizing works by A.Kh. Khalikov and L.S. Shavokhin. The works by T.A. Khlebnikova on the processing of the Kazan Kremlin ceramics in 1994-1996 are the first ones when this most massive archaeological source has undergone quite complete processing according to the requirements of the time, and to this day the typology created by it is used by researchers.peer-reviewe