The importance of self-understanding for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder : issues and prospects for self-understanding support

昨今，自閉症スペクトラム者への自己理解支援が重視されているが，当事者にとっての自己理解の意義や支援方法が十分に整理されているとは言い難い。そこで本稿では文献検討により自己理解支援の課題を整理した。自己理解には多様な意味があるが，支援は障害特性に焦点化しやすく，問題の原因を脱文脈的に本人に帰属しやすい問題があり，トータルな個人としての自己を捉える必要があると考えられた。一方，当事者の語りを重視するナラティヴアプローチや当事者研究では，応答的な語りが当事者の自己の回復や生きにくさの軽減につながることが示唆されている。ここからは当事者性を広義に捉えれば立場の違う同士であっても対話を通じて自己理解が展開される可能性が考えられる。しかし，当事者にとっての自己理解の意義や立場の異なる者とのかかわりのなかでどのように自己理解が紡がれるのかは明らかではなく，さらなる質的検討が必要である。Recently, increasing emphasis has been given to self-understanding support for people with autistic spectrum disorder(ASD). However, the meaning and support method of selfunderstanding for people with ASD has not been clarified. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the problem of self-understanding support through literature review. An analysis of current research indicates that self-understanding support has the problem as follows: 1) selfunderstanding has multiple definitions, 2) the support tends to focus on disorder, and 3) causes of the difficulties between an individual and the environment are narrowly defined and often out of context. We find that it is important to understand the problem from the point of view of human self as wholes. In the narrative approach and Tojisha Kenkyu, it is suggested that responsive narratives lead to self-recovery and decreasing difficulties of living. We find that selfunderstanding can be developed among people who have different experiences. However, further qualitative examination is needed to clarify the meaning of self-understanding for people with ASD and how communication can support the development of self-understanding among people at different levels