International Insolvency Proceedings

Postopki zaradi insolventnosti z mednarodnim elementom so posebni postopki, začeti zoper insolventne dolžnik, pri katerih je podan določen mednarodni element, na primer ko insolventni dolžnik posluje in ima premoženje ter upnike v različnih državah. Ustrezna ureditev teh postopkov je ključna za povečevanje učinkovitosti postopkov, pravne varnosti upnikov in dolžnikov ter vsesplošno izboljšanje gospodarske situacije na trgu. Pri tem je izjemnega pomena sprejetje take pravne ureditve, ki omogoča pravočasno reagiranje in prepoznavanje znakov insolventnosti ter njeno preprečevanje. Na ravni Evropske Unije se postopki zaradi insolventnosti z mednarodnim elementom vodijo in koordinirajo z upoštevanjem določb Prenovljene Insolvenčne Uredbe št. 2015/848 (PIU), ki se v državah članicah uporablja neposredno. Prenovljena Insolvenčna Uredba št. 2015/848 upošteva sodno prakso in izhodišča, oblikovana na podlagi prej veljavne Insolvenčne Uredbe št. 1346/2000, pri tem pa ostaja predvsem procesno-pravni akt. Kot tak ureja zlasti procesna pravila glede vodenja čezmejnih postopkov zaradi insolventnosti, definira postopke zaradi insolventnosti in kot take upošteva tudi pred-insolvenčne postopke, središče glavnih interesov dolžnika, pristojnost za vodenje glavnega in sekundarnih postopkov zoper dolžnika, vsebuje pravila glede sodelovanja med udeleženci insolvenčnih postopkov, odreja vzpostavitev registrov insolventnosti, določa pravila glede usklajevanja insolvenčnih postopkov zoper člane skupine družb, in drugo. V konkretnih primerih pa se PIU v večji meri opira na načelo lex fori concursus, na podlagi katerega se v zvezi s konkretnim insolvenčnim postopkom uporablja in spoštuje pravo države članice, v kateri je začet postopek, če ni drugače določeno. Poleg normativnih rešitev, ki jih uvaja PIU, na uspešnost mednarodnih postopkov zaradi insolventnosti v veliki meri vplivajo tudi strokovnost udeležencev, razvoj sodne prakse ter zlasti poglobljeno in pravočasno sodelovanje med sodišči, insolvenčnimi, upravitelji, upniki in dolžniki.International Insolvency Proceedings are special proceedings initiated against insolvent debtors where a certain international element is given, for instance, when an insolvent debtor operates and holds assets and has creditors in different countries. The appropriate regulation of these proceedings is crucial for increasing the efficiency of proceedings, the legal certainty of creditors and debtors, and the overall improvement of the economic situation on the market. In this regard, the adoption of such regulation which enables timely response and identification of signs of insolvency and their prevention is of the utmost importance. At EU level, International Insolvency Proceedings are managed and coordinated according to the provisions of the Revised Insolvency Regulation 2015/848, which is directly applicable in Member States. The Revised Insolvency Regulation 2015/848 takes into account the case-law and the guidelines established on the basis of the previous Insolvency Regulation 1346/2000, while serving mainly as a procedural legal act. As such, it regulates mainly the procedural rules regarding the management of cross-border insolvency proceedings, defines insolvency proceedings and takes into account as such, also the pre-insolvency proceedings, the centre of the debtor’s main interests, jurisdiction over the main and secondary proceedings against the debtor, rules on cooperation between the participants in insolvency proceedings, determines the establishment of insolvency registers, lays down rules for the coordination of insolvency proceedings against members of a group of companies, and other. Dealing with particular proceedings, however, the Revised Insolvency Regulation 2015/848 relies largely on the principle of lex fori concursus, on the basis of which the law of the Member State in which the proceedings are instituted is applied, if not specified otherwise. In addition to the normative solutions introduced by the Revised Insolvency Regulation 2015/848, the effectiveness of International Insolvency Proceedings shall be largely influenced by the expertise of participants, the development of case law, and in particular by timely cooperation between courts, insolvency practitioners, creditors and debtors