Non-verbal communication in health sciences

Uvod: Komunikacija je del vsakdana, ki se ji ni mogoče izogniti. Poteka lahko zavedno ali nezavedno, poznamo pa verbalno ali besedno in neverbalno ali nebesedno komunikacijo. Neverbalna komunikacija obsega zelo široko področje, saj lahko poteka preko kretenj, obrazne mimike, očesnega stika, telesne razdalje in dotika, glasu ali pa tudi preko okolja, na primer preko barv. Neverbalna komunikacija v zdravstvu je zaradi okoliščin lahko ključna za uporabnikovo razumevanje zdravstvenega stanja in odnosa do zdravstvenega delavca in posledično pomembno vpliva na potek in uspešnost zdravljenja. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pregledom literature opredeliti neverbalno komunikacijo in opisati njene oblike, kasneje pa temo povezati s področjem zdravstva in odnosa med zdravstvenim delavcem in uporabnikom. Hkrati je namen dela tudi predstaviti oblike in znake neverbalne komunikacije, ki lahko vplivajo na odnos med njima. Metode dela: Za pisanje diplomskega dela je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda, literatura pa je bila najdena v knjižnici Zdravstvene fakultete, knjižnici Splošne bolnišnice Celje ter v spletnih bazah Google učenjak, Medline, ScienceDirect in PubMed. Rezultati: Že v času šolanja naj bi se študentje, ki se šolajo za profil zdravstvenega delavca, učili komunikacije z uporabnikom. Zelo pomembna pri razumevanju le tega je empatija, ki se lahko v času dela nekoliko izgubi zaradi samih okoliščin. Največ raziskav, ki se ukvarjajo s povezavami med neverbalnimi znaki zdravstvenega delavca in uporabnikovim zaupanjem, omenja, da je zelo pomemben očesni stik, ki mora biti konstanten, ne pa nepretrgan, telesna govorica, obrazna mimika, ki z nasmehom sporoča empatijo in spodbudo, poleg teh telesnih dejavnikov pa izpostavlja še samo okolje, ki mora biti prilagojeno pacientu tako, da se ta počuti prijetno in enakovredno zdravniku. Razprava in sklep: Tema neverbalne komunikacije je zelo obsežna. V diplomskem delu je predstavljen dobršen del neverbalne komunikacije, njena uvrstitev ter znaki, na katere mora biti zdravstveni delavec pozoren med oskrbo uporabnika.Introduction: Communication represents a key part of everyday life and cannot be avoided. It can be conscious or unconsciouswe also describe it as a verbal or non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication can be described variously, through movements, facial expressions, eye contact, distance between two subjects or touch, voice or even through the environment, for example colours. Non-verbal communication can be one of the most important features while communicating in health department. Taking this into account, we can make the user to understand the health situation better in which he or she is in and improve the relationship between him and a health worker. That can influence the healing process. Purpose: With the help of the literature, we want to describe in a better way the non-verbal communication and the ways in which it can be presented. Later on we want to use the following information regarding health and relationship between the health worker and the user of services. We also want to represent forms and signs of non-verbal communication that are the most important for a relationship between the health worker and the user. Methods: : Descriptive method was used, with the help of literature found in the library of the Faculty of Health Sciences in Ljubljana, the Library of General Hospital Celje and in data bases Google Scholar, Medline, ScienceDirect and PubMed. Results: Health and medicine students learn how to communicate with patients during their study. It is important for students to learn empathyhowever studies have shown that empathy is lost according to different circumstances in the years of practice, working in hospitals and other health departments. A number of researches which take a closer look at the connections between non-verbal signs of health workers and patient\u27s trust highlight the importance of eye contact, which must remain constant throughout the communication, body language and face expressions, which can express empathy, understanding and encouragement. Researches have also shown the importance of taking the environment into account, describing it has to be adjusted to the patient to make him or her feel welcome and equivalent to the health worker. Discussion and conclusion: There is a broad number of ways to communicate non-verbally. We described several important areas of non-verbal communication, its description and signs which we must consider while providing a service for user