Next generation probiotics.

Probiotiki, ki so trenutno na tržišču, so omejeni le na nekaj vrst mikroorganizmov. Med njimi prevladujejo predstavniki rodov laktobacilov in bifidobakterij. Znano pa je, da se v našem prebavnem traktu nahaja veliko več rodov bakterij, ki jih znanstveniki še preučujejo v upanju, da postanejo probiotiki nove generacije. Za razliko od konvencionalnih probiotikov, ki imajo zgodovino varne uporabe v prehrani ljudi, je pri slednjih potrebno poleg učinkovitosti, dokazati tudi varnost. Nobena od obravnavanih vrst namreč še nima statusa QPS. Med temi obetavnimi bodočimi probiotiki izpostavljajo predvsem bakterijske vrste Feacalibacterim prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila in Eubacterium hallii. Predstavnice omenjenih bakterijskih vrst imajo pozitiven učinek predvsem na telesno težo in na imunski odziv. Način delovanja, ki privede do teh učinkov, pa je pri različnih vrstah in celo sevih lahko različen. Potrebno pa je izpostaviti tudi konvencionalne probiotike, spremenjene s pomočjo genskega inženiringa. Slednji predstavljajo velik potencial v prihodnosti, saj bi na ta način v ge-nom lahko uvedli željene spremembe in dosegli večjo odpornost proti fiziološkim pogo-jem. Probiotiki, ki so danes v uporabi, so namreč v primerjavi z novimi, precej bolj od-porni na biotehnološke procese pridelave in niso tako občutljivi na atmosferski kisik, kot prej omenjene bakterije, ki so striktni anaerobi. Omenjena lastnost namreč zelo otežuje samo formulacijo probiotičnega izdelka.Probiotics currently available on the market, are limited only on a few different species of microorganisms. Among them the well known members of genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are prevailing. But there is a lot of different genera of bacteria in our gut, that could potentionally serve as next-generation probiotics. Unlike the conventional probiotics, that have a history of safe use in human nutrition, next-generation probiotics have to be proven to be safe, not only effective. Neither one of the potential next-generation probiotics species has a QPS status. Among the most promising are species Feacalibacterim prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila and Eubacterium hallii. The representatives of aforementioned species can have a positive effect on body weight and immune response. The mechanisms on which these effects rely on, however, are different among species and even strains. It is worth to mention also genetically engineered conventional probiotics. With this approach, we could introduce new traits in the genomes of bacteria and potentionally produce microorganisms, that are more resistant to different physical conditions, such as resistance to oxygen. Most candidates of the next-generation probiotics are obligate anaerobes, unlike the commercial probiotics used today. This trait makes the formulation of probiotic products more difficult