Influence of chronic static stretching on muscle performance in healthy subjects - literature review

Uvod: Da bi učinkovito ovrednotili vpliv statičnega raztezanja na mišično zmogljivost, je potrebno ločiti raztezanje tik pred telesno dejavnostjo in redni program razteznih vaj v obdobju več tednov. Pregled literature nakazuje, da se takojšen učinek statičnega raztezanja kaže v zmanjšani mišični zmogljivosti. Dolgotrajni učinki raztezanja so na drugi strani precej manj raziskani. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil ugotoviti vpliv dolgotrajnega statičnega raztezanja na mišično zmogljivost zdravih posameznikov. Metode dela: Kot metoda dela je bil uporabljen pregled literature. Vanj so bile vključene raziskave, ki so bile izbrane na podlagi vključitvenih kriterijev. Rezultati: V pregled literature je bilo vključenih osem randomiziranih kontroliranih raziskav. Izboljšanje v mišični zmogljivosti je bilo mogoče opaziti pri treh raziskavah od osmih, ki so za indikator izboljšanja mišične zmogljivosti uporabile meritev izotonične kontrakcije in izvedbo skoka v daljino ter skoka v višino. Razprava in sklep: Rezultati pregledanih raziskav so zelo heterogeni in nakazujejo potrebo po nadaljnjem raziskovanju na tem področju. Pomembno je izpostaviti potencialno učinkovitost kombinacije statičnega raztezanja in vadbe proti uporu, pri čemer bi bilo za optimalne rezultate potrebno statično raztezanje aplicirati po vadbi proti uporu oziroma na dan, ko je ne izvajamo.Introduction: To evaluate the impact of stretching on physical performance effectively, a distinction must be made between a bout of stretching, carried out just before a strenuous activity, and a program of stretching exercises, performed on a regular basis over a period of weeks. Recent research has established an adverse effect of acute static stretching on muscle performance. Long-term effects of stretching are, on the other hand, much less researched. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma work was to determine the effects of chronic static stretching on muscle performance in healthy subjects. Methods: The method, used in this paper, was a literature review. Research papers, included in the review, were selected according to a set of criteria. Results: Eight randomized controlled trials were included in the literature review. In an individual study analysis, we identified that three studies found positive effects of chronic static stretching on muscle performance. The improvement was observed in functional tests and isotonic contractions. Discussion and conclusion: Results of the included studies are very heterogeneous and indicate the need for further research in this field. It is important to highlight the potential effectiveness of the combination of static stretching and strength training program, where for optimal results, static stretching should be applied after strength training or on the day when it is not performed