Oriented musical activities for children in the first age group

Namen diplomskega dela je ugotoviti, na katere glasbene dejavnosti se otroci najbolj dejavno odzivajo, katere spodbujajo najbolj dejavno odzivanje in za katere glasbene dejavnosti otroci pokažejo največ interesa. V teoretičnem delu je uvodoma predstavljen Kurikulum za vrtce (1999) kot izhodišče za načrtovanje dejavnosti, ki med drugim zajema tudi področje umetnosti, v katerega uvrščamo področje glasbe. V nadaljevanju so prikazane splošne razvojne značilnosti otrok prvega starostnega obdobja, na katere lahko ugodno vplivamo z glasbenimi dejavnostmi poslušanja, izvajanja in ustvarjanja. Za lažje načrtovanje glasbenih dejavnosti in dejavno odzivanje otrok na dejavnosti je potrebno upoštevati zakonitosti glasbenega razvoja otrok. V nadaljevanju so prikazane tudi glasbene delavnice za predšolske otroke v Sloveniji in tujini, ki ponujajo pestre dejavnosti in načine glasbenih interakcij z dojenčki in malčki. V empiričnim delu preučujem otrokovo dejavno odzivanje in njegov interes za glasbene dejavnosti poslušanja, izvajanja in ustvarjanja. Sklop devetih usmerjenih glasbenih dejavnosti, oblikovanih s pomočjo slovenske glasbene literature in priporočil tujih glasbenih programov, sem izvedla z otroki prvega starostnega obdobja (otroci v starostnem razponu od 1. do 3. leta starosti) v javnem vrtcu. Rezultati raziskave prikazujejo, da so otroci prvega starostnega obdobja sposobni aktivnega odzivanja na glasbene dejavnosti poslušanja, izvajanja in ustvarjanja. Najbolj dejavno se otroci odzivajo na tiste glasbene dejavnosti, ki so povezane z uporabo različnih pripomočkov (inštrumenti, blago) in gibanjem. Najbolj dejavno odzivanje spodbujajo dejavnosti, ki so povezane z igranjem na inštrumente in gibanjem. Največ interesa so otroci prvega starostnega obdobja pokazali pri dejavnostih, ki so povezane z igranjem na inštrumente.The purpose of the thesis was to ascertain to which musical activities children respond most actively, which activities stimulate most active responding, and for which musical activities children show the most interest. In the theoretical part, the Curriculum for kindergartens (1999) is presented at the beginning as the starting point for planning the activities, which, among others, includes the field of arts, which the field of music is a part of. Furthermore, general developmental characteristics of children of the first age period are presented, which can be favorably influenced by musical activities of listening, performing, and creating. In order to plan musical activities more easily and for the active response of children to the activities, it is necessary to consider the laws of natural musical development of children. Furthermore, musical workshops for the preschool children in Slovenia and abroad are presented. They offer motley activities and the methods of musical interactions with babies and toddlers. In the empirical part, I study the child’s active responding and his or her interest in musical activities of listening, performing, and creating. The complex of nine directed musical activities, formed by means of Slovenian musical literature and recommendations of foreign musical programs, I performed with children of the first age group (children in the age frame from the first to the third year of age) in the public kindergarten. The results of the research show that the children of the first age group are capable of active responding to musical activities of listening, performing, and creating. The children respond most actively to those musical activities which are connected with the use of various accessories (instruments, articles) and movement. The most active responding is stimulated by the activities which are connected with playing the instruments and movement. The children of the first age period showed the most interest in the activities which are connected with playing the instruments