An LADM-based Approach for Developing and Implementing a National 3D Cadastre – A Case Study of Malaysia

With the growing dominance of multi-storey buildings and other infrastructures, 2D-based cadastral systems are facing new challenges in recording, managing and visualising the spatial extent of vertically stratified cadastral spaces. In Malaysia, surveying and cadastral measurements are currently stored in the National Digital Cadastral Data Base (NDCDB), which is a 2D-based database in the form of planimetric coordinates (X, Y). However, in reality, cadastral objects are three dimensional and 2D-based approaches provide a fragmented view of these 3D spatial objects. Another challenge is that multiple pages of 2D drawings, which are used to show all the spaces of multi-storey buildings and surroundings, imposes a significant amount of cognitive effort for inexpert stakeholders who cannot easily understand the accurate location of cadastral boundaries obscured within physical structures. Therefore, the methods of data collection, calculation and adjustment of existing survey and processing data needs to be up raded for the purposes of implementing 3D cadastral database and producing 3D digital certified plans