Surgical trauma cause for marginal bone resorption around dental implants previous to prosthetic appliances

Dental implants are the most efficient, contemporary and the best way for replacement of the lost teeth and permanent solution to their high aesthetic and adequate function. Maintaining the bone health after applying the dental implants is with crucial meaning. Marginal bone resorption that appears after the application of the dental implants is very often occurrence, caused by many factors where also participates the individual component as the reaction by the patient. However all the other factors, the surgical trauma during the procedure takes a center place in this appearance. Therefore its of importance to mention that there is a correlation between the quality of the bone tissue, surgical trauma and the marginal bone resorption after the application of the implant. In this scientific work is processed the surgical trauma as a cause for marginal bone resorption, the prevention for this outcome, and also an efficient concept that offers adequate maintenance of the bone quality and prevention of the bone loss after the application of the dental Implant. Its common that the need of maintaining the bone quality and quantity is very important and the trauma needs to be minimal, in order to achieve excellent result of the whole intervention. Bone loss around the implant may also occur early due to etiological factors such as surgical trauma resulting from overheating, implant position , formation of biological space, surgical technique, and implant design. Mesio – distal and apical coronal implant position in another factor that influences peri – implant marginal bone loss. In terms of bone lamella, the canalicular mechanism is inefficient as making the transplant osteocytes reach a critical condition, exceeding in few hours the time of reversibility and then, dying. But, the marrow tissue of the transplant spongy bone becomes necrotic within a short time, representing a new barrier to extracellular fluid circulation. The bone transplant will have therefore be revascularized so that through successive processes of bone apposition and resorbtion it might be replaced with new bone tissue, thus assuring its morphofunctional integration into the receiver bone bed. To invade the grafted bone, the neoformed vessels of the neoformed bone bed need mechanic quietness. Marginal bone loss is an even greater matter of concern when short implants are used. These implants are employed in situation of short bone height or anatomical accidents such as maxillary sinus pneumatization and proximity to the mandibular canal. Various bone grafting techniques have been applied to overcome these physiological and anatomical limitations. Despite high survival rates of these procedures, many patients are unable or unwilling to undergo these surgeries because of the need for multiple complex procedures, poor physical conditions, increased postoperative sensitivity, high cost, and one of the most important things - long duration of treatment. Keywords: dental implants, surgical trauma, margina resorption, bone los