Design and optimization of a De-centralized community sized solar heating system for Nordic Region

There is a need to accelerate the application of advanced clean energy technologies to resolve the challenges of climate change. Solar heating is a feasible solution among clean energy technologies. These technologies are not yet highly used in high latitudes due to various challenges. This paper focuses on the community sized solar district heating system configuration for cold climates. The proposed configuration consists of a partially decentralized heating system. Each individual house heat pump was connected between large centralized solar-charged low temperature tank and smaller de-centralized individual high temperature tank in each house. Additionally, the large centralized tank was directly charged by solar-charged borehole storage during winters. Dynamic simulation approach was used through TRNSYS software coupled with MOBO (multi-objective building optimizer) for NSGA-II optimization algorithm. The purchased electricity and investments were two objectives minimized. The impact of the energy system on the renewable energy fraction, purchased electricity and investments as a function of the building heating demand, collectors and photovoltaic areas, short-term tanks storages and boreholes volumes were evaluated. Results showed that purchased electricity varied 47 kWh/m2/yr-25 kWh/m2/yr and renewable energy fraction 75%-91%.Peer reviewe