Place-based knowledge and belief systems on socio-natural hazards in the Philippines

The Ibaloi and Kankanaey gold miners in Itogon, Benguet (Cordillera, Luzon) and the Ivatan fishermen in Sabtang Island (Batanes Islands) have a deep understanding of their environment, including socio-natural hazards. However, knowledge system evolves along with new experiences, as it coexists with other forms of knowledge, and as it is challenged by new forms of anthropogenic hazards.Local Adaptation, Resilience & Interpretation of socio-natural hazards, and environment management in the Philippine