Review on methodology for life cycle costing of membrane system for wastewater filtration

In a competitive environment, manufacturers have to come out with innovative solution to market their product, including implementation of life cycle engineering concept. Life cycle costing (LCC) is one of the aspects that need to be considered when adapting this concept. In addition, costing is another important aspect that needs to be considered carefully. In order to perform LCC analysis, cost estimation is an essential step. Cost estimation model should not only consider pre-production and production cost, design, manufacturing, and assembly, but also postproduction, customer use and end of life. Development of cost estimation model or methodology is needed to simplify the LCC analysis so that it can produce more accurate results in shorter time. This paper reviewed on LCC, cost estimation techniques and several developed cost estimation models in order to determine research gap and research direction on developing a methodology to assess LCC of membrane system for wastewater filtration