Drying Characteristics of Curcuma longa Using Solar Dryer

Curcuma longa (turmeric) is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant which is widely cultivated in tropical regions, such as Indonesia. It has been intensively used for medical purposes as an ingredient of traditional medicine for a long time. In order to extend its shelf-life, turmeric is generally dried under the sun prior to use. This method generally takes a longer time and is less controlled, thus yielding less qualified products. This experiment was carried out using a manually designed solar dryer for improving the drying process of turmeric. The drying process using solar dryer is shorter and also protects the samples from dirt, insects, as well as direct contact with UV radiation which may deteriorate its bio-active compounds. The drying was done until moisture of about 10% content was achieved. In general, it took about 450 minutes in the solar dyer in comparison to that of 480 minutes using sun drying to reach the equilibrium moisture content. This was caused by a higher temperature profile distributed inside the solar dryer accelerating the drying process. The use of solar dryer has the potential to be further developed to replace the conventional sun drying method of herbs