Effects of construction of coastal structure on ecosystem

Coastal defense structures were built to protect part of shore from beach erosion and flooding by sea water. Unfortunately, these structures produced some impacts on the environment which most of them are negative. Physical changes in beach landscape and habitats disturbance are the example of the effects. Although some of the effects are beneficial in socioeconomic aspect, but environment matters should be given more concerns because it can bring bad consequences to the earth landscape and make the ecosystem be unbalanced. This study outlines the coastal defense structure effects on ecosystem. Effects of coastal defense structures can be negative or positive, but this study concern on the negative impacts as they are dominant. Coastal structures can extremely impact the shoreline configuration. Artificial structures can influence sediment transport, split the coastal space, etc. This can result in habitats loss and lead to noise and visual disturbance of birds. There are two types of coastal defense structures, hard coastal structure and soft coastal structure. Both coastal structures have their own impacts. The impacts are induced during the construction, maintaining, and operation of the structures