Support needed and received by non-Annex I Parties: What can we learn from their first Biennial Update Reports?

In this policy brief we try to understand whether or not the blurry image of climate finance received can be explained by the lack of compliance of developing country Parties toward transparency requirements agreed under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). We show that the lack of compliance is not the only reason for concern. Inadequate transparency requirements decided under the UNFCCC are also to blame. What are the most important challenges that need to be addressed? Will the Paris ‘enhanced transparency framework’ help address them? We discuss these issues in the last part of this brief, along with some policy recommendations for the Belgian Development Cooperation.