The utilisation of a new soccer match simulation that incorporates technical actions.

This research used video analysis techniques and a new exercise simulation (Soccer Match Simulation) to examine the influence of fatigue and carbohydrate supplementation on the speed, precision and success of passing, shooting and dribbling skills performed throughout soccer- specific exercise. Study one examined the test-retest reliability and construct validity of new soccer skills tests in twenty soccer players (10 professional and 10 recreational). Small non-significant biases existed between trials in the speed, precision and success of passing, shooting and dribbling skills performed on different days. Moderate to moderately-strong relative reliability and construct validity was confirmed in at least one outcome measure for all skills. Study two demonstrated that the physiological demands of the Soccer Match Simulation, which incorporated the newly developed skills tests, were representative of actual match-play in ten professional soccer players. The third study examined the effects of fatigue on soccer skills performed throughout the Soccer Match Simulation in fifteen professional players. Soccer-specific exercise caused decrements in at least one outcome measure of passing and shooting performance. In a randomised, double-blind, and cross-over fashion, fifteen professional players ingested 6% carbohydrate-electrolyte or fluid-electrolyte solutions before and during the Soccer Match Simulation. Although carbohydrates attenuated the reduction in shot speed that occurred in the placebo trial, blood glucose concentrations were reduced at the onset of exercise during the second half The final study examined the metabolic responses to carbohydrates ingested before and during actual soccer match-play. Ten professional players participated in 90 min of soccer match-play on two separate occasions after ingesting a 6% carbohydrate-electrolyte or fluid-electrolyte beverages in a randomised, double-blind, and cross-over design. Carbohydrate consumption caused a sharp decline in blood glucose concentrations when re-starting exercise after a half- time break. In summary, this research has provided further information concerning the skilled and metabolic responses to soccer match-play