Resveratrol, human health and winemaking perspectives

Resveratrol, (3, 5, 4´-trihydroxystilbene) is a non-flavonoid polyphenol stilbene synthesized by plants when damaged by infectious diseases or ionizing radiation. Although present in more than seventy plant species, grapes and wine are the major dietary contributors of resveratrol, responsible for 98% of the daily intake. In 1992, Renaud and De Lorgeril first linked wine polyphenols, including resveratrol, to the potential health benefits ascribed to regular and moderate wine consumption (the so called "French Paradox"). Since then, resveratrol has received increasing scientific interest, leading to research on its biological actions, and to a large number of published papers, which have been collected and discussed in this review. The relatively low amounts of resveratrol measured in wine following moderate consumption, however, may be insufficient to mitigate biological damage, such as that due to oxidative stress. On this basis, the authors also highlight the importance of viticulture and the winemaking process to enhance resveratrol concentrations in wine in order to bolster potential health benefits.Fil: Pastor, Raúl Francisco. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad del Aconcagua; ArgentinaFil: Restani, Patrizia. Università degli Studi di Milano; ItaliaFil: Di Lorenzo, Chiara. Università degli Studi di Milano; ItaliaFil: Orgiu, Francesca. Università degli Studi di Milano; ItaliaFil: Teissedre, Pierre Louis. Universite de Bordeaux; FranciaFil: Stockley, Creina. The Australian Wine Research Institute; AustraliaFil: Ruf, Jean Claude. International Organisation of Vine and Wine; FranciaFil: Quini, Claudia Inés. Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura; ArgentinaFil: Garcìa Tejedor, Nuria. Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición; EspañaFil: Gargantini, Raquel. Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura; ArgentinaFil: Aruani, Carla. Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura; ArgentinaFil: Prieto, Sebastián. Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura; ArgentinaFil: Murgo, Marcelo. Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura; ArgentinaFil: Videla, Rodolfo. Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura; ArgentinaFil: Penissi, Alicia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza Dr. Mario H. Burgos; Argentina. Universidad del Aconcagua; ArgentinaFil: Iermoli, Roberto Héctor. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad del Aconcagua; Argentin