Characteristics of Black Carbon Aerosol during the Chinese Lunar Year and Weekdays in Xi'an, China

Black carbon (BC) aerosol plays an important role in climate forcing. The net radiative effect is strongly dependent on the physical properties of BC particles. A single particle soot photometer and a carbon monoxide analyser were deployed during the Chinese Lunar Year (CLY) and on weekdays at Xi'an, China, to investigate the characteristics of refractory black carbon aerosol (rBC). The rBC mass on weekdays (8.4 mu g center dot m(-3)) exceeds that during the CLY (1.9 mu g center dot m(-3)), presumably due to the lower anthropogenic emissions during the latter. The mass size distribution of rBC shows a primary mode peak at ~205 nm and a small secondary mode peak at ~102-nm volume-equivalent diameter assuming 2 g center dot cm(-3) in void-free density in both sets of samples. More than half of the rBC cores are thickly coated during the CLY (f(BC) = 57.5%); the percentage is slightly lower (f(BC) = 48.3%) on weekdays. Diurnal patterns in rBC mass and mixing state differ for the two sampling periods, which are attributed to the distinct anthropogenic activities. The rBC mass and CO mixing ratios are strongly correlated with slopes of 0.0070 and 0.0016 mu g center dot m(-3)center dot ppbv(-1) for weekdays and the CLY, respectively.