Analysis of Foreign Direct Investments as a Part of Internationalization in Slovenia

Medsebojna interakcija sveta, ki jo je povzročila globalizacija, je podjetja prisilila k razmišljanju o nastopu na mednarodnih trgih. Pritisk konkurence, zniževanje stroškov na enoto (ekonomija obsega) ter razvoj tehnologije hitreje in intenzivneje kot kadarkoli vplivajo na način mednarodnega poslovanja. Postopen padec trgovinskih ovir, ki smo mu bili priča v preteklosti, je povzročil znatno povečanje mednarodne izmenjave in naložb, tudi v obliki neposrednih investicij. Neposredne tuje investicije so se v zadnjih nekaj desetletjih v globalnem merilu precej povečale in med tujimi investitorji, kljub svoji kompleksnosti in visokemu tveganju, pritegnile ogromno pozornosti. Zanimanje za neposredne tuje investicije se je povečalo tudi v državah oz. vladah, saj se te zavedajo vpliva in učinka na gospodarstvo, ki ga s seboj prinašajo. Zato se posamezne države trudijo oblikovati svojo ekonomsko politiko tako, da bo ta čim privlačnejša za tuje investitorje. Obenem sprejemajo ukrepe na različnih področjih v obliki fiskalnih, finančnih ter preostalih spodbud, s katerimi poskušajo posredno in neposredno vplivati na zvišanje tujih investicij. V državi prejemnici tuje investicije vplivajo na bogatenje človeškega kapitala, zvišujejo raven konkurenčnosti nacionalnega gospodarstva ter spreminjajo način korporativnega vodenja in managementa. Slovensko poslovno okolje medtem na tem področju ne velja ravno za najbolj spodbudno. V primerjavi z drugimi konkurenčnimi državami glede na delež vhodnih neposrednih tujih investicij krepko zaostaja. Iz slednjega razloga je zato Republika Slovenija nenehno primorana sprejemati takšno zakonodajo ter spodbujevalne ukrepe, ki bodo vplivali na povečanje tujega kapitala ter tako zviševali konkurenčnost slovenskega nacionalnega gospodarstva. V tem magistrskem delu smo obravnavali temo neposrednih tujih investicij kot obliko internacionalizacije, zaradi katerih se podjetja odločajo na podlagi različnih spodbud in motivov. Ugotovili smo, kako so prepleteni procesi internacionalizacije, globalizacije ter evropeizacije vplivali na povečanje mednarodne trgovine ter kako se je ta skozi zadnja leta spreminjala in vplivala na delovanje podjetij. Izvedli smo komparativno analizo avstrijskega in slovenskega poslovnega okolja ter ugotovili razlike med njima ter zapisali predloge ukrepov Republiki Sloveniji za privabljanje tujih investitorjev.Mutual interaction of the world brought by globalization forced companies to think about entering the international markets. The pressure of competition, the reduction of unit costs (economies of scale), and the development of technology have affected the way of international business faster and more intensively than ever. A gradual decline in trade barriers that we witnessed in the past has caused a significant increase in international trade and investment in the form of foreign direct investment. Foreign direct investments have grown significantly globally over the last few decades, and among foreign investors, despite their complexity and high risk, have attracted vast attention. Interest in foreign direct investment had also increased by countries or governments, because they are aware of the impact on the economy that they bring with them. For this reason, individual countries are struggling to formulate their own economic policies so that they are as attractive as possible to foreign investors. At the same time, they take measures in various areas in the form of fiscal, financial and other incentives to try to directly and indirectly influence the increase in foreign direct investments. In the receiving country, foreign investment affects enrichment of human capital, increases the level of competitiveness of the national economy, and changes the way of corporate governance and management. The Slovenian business environment is not exactly the most encouraging in this area. Compared to the rest of the competitive countries, the share of incoming foreign direct investment is significantly lagging behind. For the latter reason, the Republic of Slovenia is therefore constantly forced to adopt such legislation and incentive measures that will influence the increase in foreign capital, thus increasing the competitiveness of the Slovenian national economy. In this master\u27s thesis, we addressed the topic of foreign direct investment as a form of internationalization, which makes companies decide on the basis of various incentives and motives. We have discovered how the intertwined processes of internationalization, globalisation, and Europeanisation have influenced the increase in international trade and how it has changed over the last years and influenced the operation of companies. We conducted a comparative analysis of the Austrian and Slovenian business environment, found the differences between them, and wrote proposals for measures to attract foreign investors to the Republic of Slovenia