Psychosocial characteristics of bullying participants according to the degree of victimization and bullying behaviour

Izvajanje ali/in doživljanje nasilnega vedenja predstavlja eno izmed ključnih težav v mladostništvu. Iz literature je razvidno, da imajo posamezniki, ki izvajajo in/ali so deležni nasilnega vedenja, psihosocialne težave pogosteje kot njihovi normativni vrstniki. Za nasilneže so večinoma značilne eksternalizirane težave, za žrtve internalizirane, za nasilneže-žrtve pa tako eksternalizirane kot tudi internalizirane težave. Namen magistrskega dela je bil ugotoviti razlike med skupinami udeležencev medvrstniškega nasilja glede na njihove psihosocialne značilnosti in glede na vir poročanja. Prvotni vzorec je zajemal 1905 učencev iz 22 osnovnih šol v Sloveniji, ki so bili stari med 11 in 16 let. Učenci so bili razdeljeni glede na stopnjo viktimizacije in nasilnega vedenja v tri podvzorce, ki so temeljili na metodi samoporočanja in/ali vrstniškega poročanja, in sicer v naslednje štiri skupine: nasilneži, žrtve, nasilnežižrtve in neudeleženi. Rezultati so pokazali, da so fantje pogosteje umeščeni v skupini nasilnežev in nasilnežev-žrtev kot dekleta. Na podlagi rezultatov multivariatne analize variance sem ugotovila, da so nasilneži najstarejši, imajo najvišjo stopnjo priljubljenosti med vsemi skupinami, podobno visoko splošno in socialno samopodobo ter stopnjo prijateljskih odnosov kot neudeleženi in podobno nizko stopnjo nadzora jeze kot nasilneži-žrtve. Žrtve zaznavajo najnižjo oporo vrstnikov, imajo najnižjo splošno in socialno samopodobo, najnižjo stopnjo prijateljskih odnosov med vsemi skupinami ter podobno stopnjo priljubljenosti kot neudeleženi. Nasilneži-žrtve imajo najvišjo stopnjo internalizacije in eksternalizacije jeze ter zaznavajo najnižjo oporo učiteljev v primerjavi z vsemi skupinami. Neudeleženi učenci zaznavajo najvišjo oporo vrstnikov in učiteljev, imajo najnižjo stopnjo internalizacije in eksternalizacije jeze ter najvišjo stopnjo nadzora jeze med vsemi skupinami.Being involved in bullying or/and victimization represents one of crucial problems in early adolescence. Previous studies suggested that all participants involved in bullying or/and victimization show more psychosocial difficulties than their normative peers. Bullies mostly express externalizing problems and victims mostly express internalizing problems, while bully-victims were found to express both internalizing and externalizing problems. The aim of present study was to examine differences between groups of bullying participants according to their psychosocial characteristics and according to the source of information. The original sample consisted of total 1905 students from 22 elementary schools in Slovenia, who were 11 to 16 years old. Students were divided according to the degree of bullying and victimization into three subsamples, which were based on self-reported and/or peer-reported measures and further divided into four groups: bullies, victims, bully-victims and uninvolved students. Results have shown that boys are more often bullies and bully-victims than girls. Multivariate analysis results have shown that bullies are the oldest, have the highest level of perceived popularity among all groups, a similarly high general and social self-esteem and level of friendships as uninvolved students and a similarly low level of anger control as bully-victims. Victims have the lowest levels of perceived peer support, the lowest general and social self-esteem, the lowest level of friendships among all groups and a similar level of perceived popularity as uninvolved students. Bully-victims have the highest levels of anger internalization and externalization and report the lowest perceived teacher support among all groups. Uninvolved students report the highest perceived peer and teacher support, the lowest levels of anger internalization and externalization and the highest levels of anger control among all groups