Blacks, Arabs, Muslims and Republican Values in France

In France, since 2005, the treatment of Black, Arab and Muslim populations has grown increasingly controversial. Politicians and the media have framed debates about national identity, immigration, religious freedom, racism and discrimination within the context "Republican Values". The most prominent are liberty, equality, fraternity (brotherhood), laïcité and gender equality (feminism). How are these values understood by different actors in the French political spheres? How do Blacks, Arabs and Muslims understand and use these concepts to fight against discrimination