Cell phone use and the associated health risks among adults: A literature review

ABSTRACT Background The number of cell phone users has increased dramatically over the past few decades globally, which has raised public concerns about potential risks associated with the exposure to cell phones. Given the dramatic increase in the number of cell phone users, a small negative effect may have huge public health impact. This study aims to explore the health risks associated with cell phone use among adults and to search available precautionary measures to minimize the possible adverse health effects. Research Methodology A literature review was done on the basis of established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles for literature review were selected from three different electronic databases: PubMed, Science Direct and Academic Search Elite. In total 17 articles were identified for analysis. Data analysis was done using inductive content analysis technique. Results The review demonstrated that cell phone use might lead to the cellular changes, cancer, psychiatric symptoms, musculoskeletal disorders, infertility and other non-specific symptoms. Studies have suggested several precautionary measures such as lowering call handling time, avoiding call during poor signal strength and when charging, keeping phone away from the body, using landline phone whenever possible, using hand-free devices/ear phone, turning off cell phones while sleeping and so on. Overall evaluations show that the evidence for any association is unconvincing due to methodological limitations. Conclusion Further studies are needed to find clear explanations for the controversies on the health risks associated with cell phone use. In this light of uncertainty, cell phone users can take precautions to minimize the risks associated with cell phones