Socio-Environmental Systems (SES) Research: What have we learned and how can we use this information in future research programs

The call for integrated social-environmental science, complete with outreach to applications and solutions, is escalating worldwide. Drawing on several decades of experience, researchers engaged in such science, completed an assessment of the design and management attributes and impact pathways that lead to successful projects and programs and to understand key impediments to success. These characteristics are delineated and discussed using examples from individual projects and programs. From this, three principal lessons leading to successful efforts emerge that address co-design, adaptive or flexible management, and diversity of knowledge. In addition, five challenges for this science are identified: accounting for change, addressing sponsorship and timelines, appreciating different knowledge systems, adaptively communicating, and improving linkages to policy.Fil: Turner, B.L.. University of Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Esler, Karen J.. University of Arizona; Estados UnidosFil: Bridgewater, Peter. The Australian National University. Centre for Museums and Heritage; AustraliaFil: Tewksbury, Joshua. University of Colorado; Estados UnidosFil: Sitas, J. Nadia. Stellenbosch University. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology; SudáfricaFil: Abrahams, Brent. Stellenbosch University. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology; SudáfricaFil: Chapin, F. Stuart. University Of Alaska; Estados UnidosFil: Chowdhury, Rinku Roy. Clark University. Graduate School of Geography; Estados UnidosFil: Christie, Patrick. University of Washington. School of Marine and Environmental Affairs; Estados UnidosFil: Díaz, Sandra Myrna. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Firth, Penny. National Science Foundtion; Estados UnidosFil: Knapp, Corrine N.. Western State Colorado University. Environment and Sustainability; Estados UnidosFil: Kramer, Jonathan. National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center; Estados UnidosFil: Leemans, Rik. Wageningen University. Environmental Systems Analysis Group; Alemania. National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center; Estados UnidosFil: Palmer, Margaret. National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center; Estados UnidosFil: Pietri, Diana. Blue Earth Consultants; Estados UnidosFil: Pittman, Jeremy. University of Waterloo. School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability; CanadáFil: Sarukhán, José. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad; MéxicoFil: Shackleton, Ross. Stellenbosch University. Department of Botany; SudáfricaFil: Seidler, Reinmar. University of Massachusetts Boston. Department of Biology; Estados UnidosFil: van Wilgen, Brian. Stellenbosch University. Department of Botany; SudáfricaFil: Mooney, Harold. Stellenbosch University. Department of Botany; Sudáfric