Prevention and early detection of cervical cancer in slovenia and abroad

Rak materničnega vratu je četrti najpogostejši vzrok smrti žensk zaradi raka v svetu. Letno zboli več kot pol milijona žensk. Z odkritjem testa po Papanicolaou leta 1941 in kasnejšo uvedbo programov za zgodnje odkrivanje raka materničnega vratu, predvsem v razvitih državah, se je breme bolezni močno zmanjšalo. K uspešnejšemu zdravljenju in obvladovanju bolezni je pripomoglo tudi odkritje vloge humanih papiloma virusov pri nastanku raka materničnega vratu ter uvajanje preventivnega cepljenja proti onkogenim tipom humanega papiloma virusa pri deklicah. Namen diplomskega dela je analizirati in primerjati preventivne pristope ter opredeliti uspešnost presejalnih programov za zgodnje odkrivanje raka materničnega vratu v posameznih državah sveta ter jih primerjati s Slovenijo. Glavni problem v Sloveniji na področju obvladovanja raka materničnega vratu trenutno predstavljajo nizka precepljenost proti onkogenim humanim papiloma virusom ter ženske, ki se ne odzovejo na vabila presejalnega programa. S podobnimi težavami se soočajo tudi najbolj razvite države. Glavne izzive pri zdravljenju in obvladovanju raka materničnega vratu v manj razvitih državah pa predstavljajo vzpostavitev učinkovitih presejalnih programov, nizka odzivnost žensk ter pomanjkanje statističnih podatkov.Worldwide, cervical cancer is the fourth-most common cause of cancer death in women. Annually, more than half a million women are afflicted. With the discovery of Papanicolaou test in 1941 and subsequent introduction of programs for early detection of cervical cancer, especially in developed countries, the disease burden has fallen sharply. The discovery of human papilloma virus involvement in the development of cervical cancer and the introduction of preventive vaccination in girls has additionally contributed to successful treatment and management of the disease. The purpose of the thesis was to analyze and compare preventive approaches, evaluate the efficiency of screening programs for early detection of cervical cancer in individual countries worldwide in comparison with Slovenia. The main problem in Slovenia in the field of cervical cancer control is currently low immunization against oncogenic human papilloma virus, and women who have ignored screening program invitations. Similar problems are also being faced with in most developed countries. The main challenge in the treatment and management of cervical cancer in less developed countries are the establishment of effective screening programs, nonresponsive women and lack of statistical data