Sensor placement for monitoring

The goal of this chapter was to review recent developments on sensor placement for monitoring in water networks focusing on leak detection and location. Solving a sensor placement problem for fault diagnosis entails the evaluation of the diagnosis performance of a monitoring system for a certain sensor configuration. In model-based fault diagnosis, the monitoring system is built upon a set of consistency indicators, which are designed based on a model of the water network and evaluated on the measurements provided by the sensors. The leak monitoring performance is usually evaluated based on the sensitivity matrix, which states the leak sensitivity of the consistency indicators. Two approaches, based on different leak sensitivity matrix nature, for sensor placement will be reviewed. On the one hand, structural analysis leads to a binary leak sensitivity matrix, which can be efficiently handled by using optimization algorithms and graph theory. On the other hand, the use of an analytical model leads to a more informative non-binary leak sensitivity matrix. In both approaches, only suboptimal solutions can be attained. This is due to the fact that in the first approach, a structural model is used, which is an abstraction of the analytical model, whereas in the second approach the sensor placement problem must be solved applying clustering techniques. These two approaches will be recalled and compared when applied to a DMA in the Barcelona DWN to decide the best location of pressure sensors for leak monitoring.Peer Reviewe