Disentangling complex parasite interactions: Protection against cerebral malaria by one helminth species is jeopardized by co-infection with another - Fig 1

<p>Malaria severity as (a) the proportion of cerebral outcomes for hyperparasitemic <i>P</i>. <i>falciparum</i> malaria cases (incidence) across patients with and without infection by helminths identified to be associated with clinical outcome: <i>A</i>. <i>lumbricoides</i> (AL), <i>T</i>. <i>trichiura</i> (TT), and hookworm (HW). Helminth infection statuses are mutually exclusive. The number of patients with each (co-)infection status is shown in parentheses above the error bars. Error bars represent 95% confidence interval of the proportion. Pie charts illustrate the relative contribution of each (co-)infection status to (b) the overall number of hyperparasitemic cases and (c) those that developed cerebral malaria.