SSE reduced mRNA expression of atherogenic and pro-inflammatory genes.

<p>KK-Ay mice were given <i>S</i>. <i>spinosum</i> extract for 6 weeks as described in methods. Liver was removed at the age of 12 weeks as described in methods. mRNA expression of the indicated genes was measured by real-time PCR. Results were normalized to the expression of housekeeping gene, HPRT. ***P<0.0005 by Student's <i>t</i>-test.