Mechanistic Insights into the Pore Confinement Effect on Bimolecular and Monomolecular Cracking Mechanisms of <i>N</i>‑Octane over HY and HZSM‑5 Zeolites: A DFT Study

Bimolecular and monomolecular cracking mechanisms of alkanes simultaneously occur and have a competitive relationship, which strongly influences the product distribution. In this work, the density functional theory (DFT) calculation is first carried out to elucidate two cracking mechanisms in HZSM-5 and HY zeolites. It is found that the overall apparent reaction barrier for the monomolecular cracking reaction at 750 K in the HZSM-5 zeolite is 5.30 kcal/mol, much lower than that (23.12 kcal/mol) for bimolecular cracking reaction, indicating that the monomolecular mechanism is predominant in the HZSM-5 zeolite. In contrast, the bimolecular mechanism is predominant in the HY zeolite because of a lower apparent reaction barrier energy barrier (6.95 kcal/mol) for bimolecular cracking reaction than that (24.34 kcal/mol) for the monomolecular cracking reaction. Moreover, the intrinsic reason for the different mechanisms is further elucidated. The confinement effect can effectively decrease the energy barrier when the size of transition states is comparable to the pore size of zeolite. The insights in this work will be of great significance to the understanding of confinement on catalytic cracking mechanism and to the design of highly efficient cracking catalysts