TDP-43 isoforms mediate toxicity in vitro.

<p>Control and TDP-43 transfected neurons (as labelled) were stained using a TUNEL kit and imaged to show TUNEL-positive cells (black dots) and Hoechst staining (white dots) after 72H in culture (A—D). Scale bar = 10 µm. (E) Average number of apoptotic cells quantified from five 0.24mm² fields, at 3 time points as shown (3 experiments). Data is presented as means and standard errors. Significance was compared by ANOVA with GFP control at the respective timepoint and between constructs at various timepoints (no significance: p > 0.05; *** P < 0.0001, ** P < 0.001, * P < 0.01—compared with GFP control). (F) Semi-quantitative analysis of the viability of transfected cells assessed by Promega real-time glo viability assay at different time points from 3 experiments.