Frank-Starling mechanism of cardiac cell sheet-tissues.

<p>(A) Relationship between contractile force and % of stretch. Each value of contractile forces was determined as the mean of those values in one minute. (B) Relationship between beating rate and % of stretch. Each value of beating rates was determined as the mean of those values in one minute. In both figures, the results are presented as mean ± SD for 4 cardiac cell sheet-tissues, prepared from a same differentiation batch. Each value of contractile forces and beating rates was statistically compared to the value at 0% stretch (closed circles) using Student’s t-test (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01).