Attachment and osteogenic differentiation of VB-BM MSCs on Vitoss™.

<p>A. The cell attachment on Vitoss™ after seeding with aspirates of IC-BM (left panel) and VB-BM (right panel) followed by 2-week culture using confocal microscopy. DAPI staining (blue) was used for cell nuclei and Phalloidin (green) for actin expression. Scale Bar: 50μm. B. The flowcytometry gating strategy for CD45^-CD90⁺CD73⁺ MSCs released from Vitoss™ following 2-week culture (left panel). The percentage of MSCs out of total CD45^- cells for IC-BM MSCs and VB-BM MSCs seeded on Vitoss™ (Paired t-test, n = 3). The mean of the data is shown, right panel. C. The ALP activity levels (normalised to DNA content) for VB-BM MSCs and IC-BM MSCs seeded on Vitoss™ and culture in either osteogenic or expansion media (one-way ANNOVA with Tukey's multiple comparison test, n = 6). The mean of the data is shown. E: expansion media, O: osteogenic media.