Knockdown in the PG of genes in cAMP pathway affects the periodicity of eclosion.

<p>(A) Knockdown of <i>dunce</i> in the PG shortens the periodicity of eclosion (a), whereas knockdown of <i>rutabaga</i> (b), <i>Epac</i> (c), and <i>Rap1</i> (d) in the PG lengthens the periodicity of eclosion, with respect to controls (B). (B) Free-running periodicity for results shown in (A). Each circle indicates results from separate experiments; average is indicated by horizontal line; different letters indicate statistically different groups (<i>p</i><0.05; one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s <i>post hoc</i> multiple comparison analyses). (C) Average rhythmicity index (RI) values (± SEM) for results shown in (A). Numbers in parenthesis indicate number of separate experiments; different letters indicate statistically different groups (<i>p</i><0.05; one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s <i>post hoc</i> multiple comparison analyses). Flies bearing only UAS-RNAi transgenes express normal rhythmicity of emergence (<a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007433#pgen.1007433.s003" target="_blank">S3 Fig</a>). In all experiments, GAL4 driver was used in combination with UAS-<i>dcr2</i> to potentiate effectiveness of RNAi knockdown.