3D reconstructions of human dendritic spines.

<p><b>(A)</b> Confocal microscopy z-projection image showing a horizontally projecting basal dendrite of an intracellular injected layer III pyramidal neuron of the C40 human cingulate cortex. <b>(B)</b> Three-dimensional reconstruction of the complete morphology of each spine shown in (A). <b>(C)</b> Estimation of the spine volume values shown in (B) by color codes (blue-white: 0.0–0.8 μm³). <b>(D-I)</b> Higher magnification images of a dendritic segment shown in A-C to illustrate the three-dimensional triangular mesh (I) obtained for each individual spine. Scale bar in panel I corresponds to: 4.5 μm in panels A-C; 2.5 μm in panels D-F and 1 μm in panels G-I.